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1οΈβ£ Kedaulatan & Freedom of Navigation
Challenges to maritime sovereignty with increased assertiveness in disputed waters affecting international shipping lanes.
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2οΈβ£ Risiko terhadap Aset Tenaga & EEZ
Threats to energy exploration activities and exclusive economic zone rights impacting national energy security.
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3οΈβ£ Taktik 'Grey Zone' & Water Cannon
Escalating use of non-military coercive tactics including water cannon attacks and vessel ramming incidents.
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4οΈβ£ Keberkesanan Code of Conduct ASEANβChina
Limited effectiveness of diplomatic frameworks in preventing incidents and managing territorial disputes.
π RMK-13 Focus: Maritime Stability
Strategic emphasis on enhancing maritime domain awareness, strengthening regional partnerships, and developing indigenous defense capabilities for 2026-2030 period.